Drought resistance is a complicated trait that is regularized by different genes, associations between genes and environmental signals, involving many morphological and metabolic pathways. Plants adapt various strategies to cope with drought stress and oxidative damage, including maximizing the use of water, minimizing loss of water, developing antioxidant systems, and various biochemical, morphological, and physiological drought-resistance mechanisms to compensate for water lose.
Among various abiotic stresses, drought stress plays an important role in restraining plant growth and productivity by affecting the biochemical and physiological attributes of the plant. Globally, water shortages have caused huge economic losses to the agriculture and forestry sectors. The plant growth and survival are greatly affected by water availability and different environmental constraints. Our research concluded that drought stress significantly induced the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in hybrid poplar plants and enhanced the accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with resilient antioxidant activity. The concentration of phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) also increased significantly in the stressed poplar leaves. As the drought stress prolonged, the level of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) and singlet oxygen (O 2 −) too increased. In addition, the activity and capacity of antioxidants have also increased, which is positively correlated with the increment of phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid compounds under drought stress. alba), corresponding to the drought stress duration. In this study, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes ( PtPAL, Pt4-CL, PtCHS, PtFLS-1, PtF3H, PtDFR, and PtANS) gradually increased in the leaves of hybrid poplar ( P. In addition to its importance, no comprehensive information has been available about the secondary metabolic response of Populus tree, especially the genes that encode key enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis under drought stress. Flavonoids are key secondary metabolites that are biologically active and perform diverse functions in plants such as stress defense against abiotic and biotic stress.
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